Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Jadhav, S. B.
- Estimation of Yearly, Monthly and Weekly Drought for Parbhani District
Abstract Views :327 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Technology Mission on Citrus, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (M.S.), IN
2 College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (M.S.), IN
1 Technology Mission on Citrus, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (M.S.), IN
2 College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (M.S.), IN
Source
Asian Science, Vol 9, No 1&2 (2014), Pagination: 33-36Abstract
The rainfall distribution of Parbhani district of Maharashtra state is quite erratic in space and occurrence of drought is common. In this study, 21 years (1991-2011) of rainfall data of Parbhani have been analyzed on yearly, monthly and weekly basis for predicting the water drought, normal and surplus events for crop planning in the region. Weekly drought normal and surplus events give a more precise idea about crop planning. The analysis has revealed that the assessment of drought on weekly basis is very important for better crop planning particularly in rainfed area. As analysis base period decreases the percentage of drought increases subsequently from year to month and from month to week. It has been also reveals that there is a need of assured supplemental irrigation facility in Rabi and summer season crops.Keywords
Effective Rainfall, Drought, Surplus, Normal.References
- Kumar, Anil (2009). Assessment and management of meteorological drought for crop planting in tarai region of Uttarakhand. Hydrol. J., 76-85pp.
- Pandey, S.C., Singh, R.D. and Gupta, H.S. (2002). Analysis of meteorological drought based on rainfall data of Hawalbagh, Almora. Indian J. Soil Cons., 30(2): 186-189.
- Reddy, T.Y and Reddy, Shankara (2011). Principals of agronomy. Kalyani publishers. (11th Ed.), 12: 339.
- Shin, Hyun-Suk and Salas, Jose D. (2000). Regional drought analysis based on neural networks. J. Hydrologic Engg., 145pp.
- Analysis of Metrological Drought for Latur Andosmanabad District of Maharastra
Abstract Views :429 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Basic Science and Computer Technology, College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, PARBHANI (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, PARBHANI (M.S.), IN
1 Department of Basic Science and Computer Technology, College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, PARBHANI (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, PARBHANI (M.S.), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 9, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 35-38Abstract
Drought is a natural hazard that has significant impact on economic, agricultural, environmental and social aspects. The main objective of the research reported herein has been to develop an approach to analyse of meteorological droughts based on annual precipitation data.If 'A' is the mean weekly rainfall for 22 years of data from 1991 to 2012, then a week receiving rainfall less than 75 per cent of 'A' valueis defined as drought week and greater than 125 per cent of 'A' valueis defined as surplus week. Week having rainfall between 75 per cent of 'A' value and 125 per cent of 'A' value is considered as normal week. The rainfall distribution of Latur and Osmanabad district of Maharashtra state is quite erratic in space and occurrence of drought is common. In this study 22 years (1991-2012) of rainfall data of Latur and Osmanabad district have been analyzed on yearly, monthly and weekly basis for predicting the water drought, normal and surplus event for crop planning in region. Weekly drought, normal and surplus events give a more precise idea about crop planning than yearly and monthly events. The analysis has reveals that the percentage of drought weeks is more than normal and surplus weeks. It has been also reveals that there is a need of supplemental irrigation during periods of water scarcity.Keywords
Drought, Rainfall Analysis, Scarcity.References
- Abaurrea, J. and Cebrian, A.C. (2002). Drought analysis based on a cluster Poisson model: Distribution of the most severe drought. Climate Res., 22 : 227-235.
- Ali, S., Patnaik, U. S. and Prakash, C. (2001). Drought analysis using rainfall data at Koraput for sustained agriculture. J. Institut. Engineers –AG. , 82 : 41-45.
- Hyun-Suk Shin and Jose, D. Salas (2000). Regional drought analysis based on neural networks. J. Hydrol. Engg., 5 (2) : 145 - 155.
- Kumar, Anil, Mishra, Nirmala and Nayal, Bhawana (2009). Assessment and management of meteorological drought for crop planting in tarai region of Uttarakhand. Hydrology J., 32 (1-2) : 76-85.
- Pandey, S.C., Singh, R. D. and Gupta, H. S. (2002).Analysis of meteorological drought based on rainfall data of Hawalbagh, Almora. Indian J. Soil Cons., 30 (2) : 186-189.
- Reddy, T.Y. and Reddy, Shankara (2011). Principals of agronomy. Kalyani Publishers.11 Ed.,12 : 339.
- Water Balance for Pomegranate Based on Meteorological Data
Abstract Views :231 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Basic Science and Computer Technology, College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, PARBHANI (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, PARBHANI (M.S.), IN
3 Department of Basic Science and Computer Technology, College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, PARBHANI (M.S.), IN
1 Department of Basic Science and Computer Technology, College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, PARBHANI (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, PARBHANI (M.S.), IN
3 Department of Basic Science and Computer Technology, College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, PARBHANI (M.S.), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 9, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 86-93Abstract
Water balance of an area is an itemized statement of all gains, losses and changes of storage of water occurring in a given field within specified boundaries during aspecified period of time considering rainfall and evapotranspiration. Difference between rainfall (P) and pomegranate evapotranspiration (ETp) gives weekly moisture excess and deficit. A negative value of this difference indicates water deficit, which means the amount by which the rainfall fails to supply the potential water need of tree. While positive difference is water excess, this is the amount of excess water available for soil moisture replenishment and also for a runoff. Weekly rainfall and evapotranspiration data of both the districts were analyzed statistically for Ambie, Mrig and Hasta bahar. Most of the weeks in Ambie bahar during fruit development period have negligible amount of rainfall which is good for quality point of view, but during fruit maturity period there was a greater amount of rainfall observed. Most of the weeks in Mrig bahar during flowering period have surplus rainfall and there after it very less during fruit development and maturity which is best combination for quality of fruits. Therefore, in general, it can be concluded that supplemental irrigation requirement in Mrigmbahar was maximum followed by Hast and Ambiebahar.Keywords
Water Balance, Pomegranate, Meteorological Data.References
- Barros, R., Isidoro, D. and Argues, R. (2011). Long-term water balances in La Violada irrigation district (Spain): I. Sequential assessment and minimization of closing errors. Agric. Water Mgmt., 102:35–45.
- Dabral, P.P. (2000). Excess-deficit analysis of rainfall for water management and planning in Tarai region of West Bengal. Indian J. Soil Cons., 28 (2):175-177.
- El- Amami, H.,Zairi, A., Pereira, L. S., Machado, T., Slatni, A. and Rodrigues, P. (2001). Deficit irrigation of cereals and horticultural crops: Economic analysis. Agric. Engg. Internat. CIGR J. Scientif. Res. & Develop., 3:1-11.
- Kothari, A. K., Jat, M. L. and Balyan, J. K. (2007). Water balance based crop planning for Bhilwara district of Rajasthan. Indian J. Soil Cons., 35:178-183.
- Meshram, D.T., Gorantiwar, S.D., Jadhav, V.T. and Ram, Chandra (2011). Evaluation of ET models to study water requirement of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) for Satara district of Maharashtra. Indian J. Soil Cons., 39 (2):141-148.
- Moroizumi,T., Hiromasa, H. and Sukchan, S. (2009). Soil water content and water balance in rainfed fields in Northeast Thailand. Agric.WaterMgmt., 96:160–166.
- Salam, M.A. and Mazrooe, S.A. (2006). Evapotranspiration estimates and water balance of Kuwait. J. Agro meteorol., 8:243-247.
- Singh, R.K., Murthy, N.S. and Arya, M.P. (2004). Water balance components and effect of soil moisture on yield of wheat in mid Himalayan region of Uttaranchal. J. Agrometeorology, 6:234-237.
- Zohreh, I. (2010). Modeling and analysis of actual evapotranspiration using data driven and wavelet techniques. Degree of Master of Science, Department of Civil and Geological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
- UV Spectrophotometric Simultaneous Determination of Metformine Hydrochloride and Pioglitazone Hydrochloride in Combined Dosage Form
Abstract Views :237 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern Collage of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern Collage of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Vol 2, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 5-9Abstract
Simple, sensitive, specific and economic spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of Metformine Hydrochloride and Pioglitazone Hydrochloride in tablet dosage form. New method based on the simultaneous estimation of drugs in a binary mixture without previous separation was developed. In simultaneous equation method, Metformine Hydrochloride and Pioglitazone Hydrochloride were quantified using their absorptivity values of at selected wavelengths, viz., 233 nm and 265.5 nm respectively. The accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed method was statistically validated by recovery studies. The simultaneous equation method permits simple, rapid and direct determination of Metformine Hydrochloride and Pioglitazone Hydrochloride in commercially available tablet dosage form without previous separations and can therefore be used for routine analysis of both drugs in quality control laboratories.Keywords
Metformine Hydrochloride and Pioglitazone Hydrochloride, Vierodt's Method.- Synthesis and Pharmacology of Some Aryloxypropanolamine Derivatives
Abstract Views :172 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.E.S.’s Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune – 411 044, IN
2 Konkan Gyanpeeth Rahul Dharkar College of Pharmacy and Research Institute, Karjat, Maharashtra, IN
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.E.S.’s Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune – 411 044, IN
2 Konkan Gyanpeeth Rahul Dharkar College of Pharmacy and Research Institute, Karjat, Maharashtra, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 4, No 5 (2011), Pagination: 757-760Abstract
4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde on reaction with substituted anilines gave imine compounds (2a-d) which on reaction with epichlorhydrin gave epoxides (3a-d). These compounds on reaction with amines gave 1-(2-methoxy-4-arylimino phenoxy)-3-(substituted amino)-propan-2-ol (4a-h). All newly synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of spectral analysis and evaluated for β-blocking activity. Compound (4e) was found to be most potent compound of this series and was compared with the reference drug, propranolol. Other compounds in this series were found to possess varied degree of β-blocking activity.Keywords
Aryloxypropanolamines, β-Blocking Activity.- Relationship of Gram Panchayat Members With Their Role Performance in Agriculture Development
Abstract Views :170 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 College of Agriculture, Shahada, Nandurbar (M.S.), IN
1 College of Agriculture, Shahada, Nandurbar (M.S.), IN
Source
Agriculture Update, Vol 6, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 46-49Abstract
The present study was undertaken with the specific objectives to know the relationship characteristics of Grampanchayat members with their role performance in agricultural development. From present study, it was concluded that majority of Grampanchayat members were performing better individual role performance and better group role performance in agricultural activities and functions. The study revealed that age had negatively significant impact while education, landholding, annual income, socio-economic status, social participation, and cosmopoliteness and extension contact had significant impact on the individual and group role performance of Grampanchayat members in agricultural activities.Keywords
Role Performance, Grampanchayat, Agriculture Development.- Impact of Tillage and Organics on Nutrient Content and Nutrient Uptake of kharif Sorghum
Abstract Views :162 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
3 Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
4 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
5 College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
3 Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
4 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
5 College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
Source
An Asian Journal of Soil Science, Vol 4, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 214-216Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different tillage and organic amendment treatments on nutrient content and uptake by kharif sorghum on Vertisol. The study revealed that the highest concentration and uptake of N, P and K was obtained with the treatment including tillage with tractor plough (T3) along with press mud compost (A2) and pulverization with rotavation (P2).Keywords
Tillage, Organics, Nutrient Concentration and Nutrient Uptake.- Influence of Tillage and Organic Amendments on Nutrient Availability and Productivity of Vertisols
Abstract Views :123 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
3 Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
4 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
5 College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
3 Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
4 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
5 College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
Source
An Asian Journal of Soil Science, Vol 4, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 308-310Abstract
The status of soil nutrients and crop productivity of sorghum in sorghum- safflower cropping system under various tillage and organic amendment treatment was studied. In general, yield of sorghum was increased due to tillage with tractor plough, amending the soil with the help of press mud compost followed by pulverization with rotavation. The status of organic carbon and availability of N, P and K was also increased due to tillage with tractor plough, amending the soil with the help of press mud compost followed by pulverization with rotavation.Keywords
Tillage, Organic Amendments, Pulverization, Sorghum-Safflower System.- Effect of Tillage and Organics on Moisture Conservation and Physical Properties of Vertisol Under Sorghum in Sorghum–Safflower Cropping System
Abstract Views :142 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
3 Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
4 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
5 College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
3 Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
4 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
5 College of Agriculture, Ambajogai, Beed (M.S.), IN
Source
An Asian Journal of Soil Science, Vol 4, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 323-327Abstract
The effect of tillage and organics on moisture conservation and physical properties of soil was studied in field. The tillage and organics showed significant improvement on moisture conservation and physical properties of soil. Tillage with tractor plough (T3) along with press mud compost (A2) and pulverization with rotavation (P2) was found superior for conservation of moisture in soil. Similar trend was observed with respect to physical properties soil.Keywords
Tillage, Organic, Vertisol and Pulverization.- Evaluation of Hybrids and Cultivars of Single type Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa)
Abstract Views :419 |
PDF Views:171
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Horticulture, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri Dist. Ahmednagar - 413 722, Maharastra, IN
1 Department of Horticulture, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri Dist. Ahmednagar - 413 722, Maharastra, IN
Source
Journal of Horticultural Sciences, Vol 15, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 67-71Abstract
Hybrids and cultivars of single type tuberose was evaluated to fulfill the need to develop new hybrids as demanded by commercial growers. Evaluation of fifteen genotypes showed significant variation in growth, floral and bulb characters. Cultivar Arka Prajwal was significantly superior over all genotypes, which recorded least number of days for opening of 1st floret (78.55 days) with maximum diameter of spike (1.18 cm), length of floret (6.05 cm), weight of individual floret (3.12 g) and weight of spike (121.43 g).The hybrid genotype L1P4 (Variegated X Phule Rajani) was observed to be superior in terms of rachis length (39.78 cm), inter-nodal length (7.25 cm), length of bulb (8.09 cm), diameter of bulb (3.76 cm) and diameter of bulb-lets (1.85 cm). Among the hybrid genotypes L1P4 also recorded maximum plant height (116.39 cm), spike length (109.58 cm), weight of cut spike (105.08 g) and vase life (11.00 days). However, it was foundto be at par for number of florets per spike (57.25), length of floret (5.92 cm) and number of spikes per clump (10.14) with all other cultivars and hybrids tested. From the overall performance, it was found that the cultivar Arka Prajwal was the best. Genotype L1P4 found promising for loose as well as cut flower production because of its number of florets, inter-nodal length and spikes per clump which are important characters considering loose flower for taking maximum number of pickings. However, characters such as rachis length, spike length, vase life and weight of spike which are imperative for cut flowers are also noted superior in genotype L1P4.Keywords
Bulb, Flower, Growth, Hybrid and Single Type Tuberose.References
- Arya, J.K., Singh, P.V. and Satyaprakah. 2006. Effect of bulb size on flowering of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cv. Single. Prog. Agric. 6(2): 211-212.
- Chaturvedi, A., Mishra, T.S., Kumar, N. and Singh, S.S. 2014. Screening of different cultivars of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) under agro climatic condition of Allahabad. Progressive Horticulture. 46(1): 146-148.
- Mahawer, L.N., Bairwa, H.L. and Shukla, A.K. 2013.Field performance of tuberose cultivar for growth, floral and economic characters under sub-humid southern plains and Aravalli hills of Rajasthan. Indian J. Hort. 70(3): 411-416.
- Patil, V.S., Munikrishanppa, P.M. and Shantappa, T. 2009.Performance of growth and yield of different genotypes of tuberose under transitional tract of north Karnataka.J. Ecobiol., 24: 327-33.
- Ranchana, P., Kannan, M. and Jawaharlal, M. 2013. The assessment of genetic parameters: yield, quality traits and performance of single type genotypes of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Adv. Crop Sci. Tech., 1(3): 111.
- Singh, A.K. 2006. Flower Crops Cultivation and Management. Tuberose, pp: 357-370.
- Yadav, L.P. and Maity, R.G. 1989. Tuberose. In: Commercial flowers (Eds) Bose, T.K. and L.P. Yadav. P. Vedams Books Pvt. Limited, New India. pp. 519-544.
- Remote Access to PC Using Android Phone
Abstract Views :146 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Information Technology, Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala, Maharashtra, IN
1 Information Technology, Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala, Maharashtra, IN
Source
Journal of Network and Information Security, Vol 6, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 15-19Abstract
In this paper, we explain Remote Desktop is actually popular technologies in most over entire world. We currently have numerous handheld control software which can provide the alleviate to manipulate together with examine some kind of gadgets easily together with effortlessly. In this particular paper proposes the most up-to-date buildings intended for handheld control concerning android operating system cell phones had been created together with completed. By using this application it’s possible to Shut down, Reboot and also Firewood away from out of the way consumers applying Android sensible telephones. The particular proposed structure furthermore trades the actual data between consumers PC in order to Android Smartphone’s. The principle aim with this paper is actually Screenshot catching and also reside surging in the focused PC.Keywords
Android, Java, Nano-HTTP, Wi-Fi.References
- D. Gavalas, and D. Economou, “Development platforms for mobile applications: Status and trends,” IEEE Software, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 77-86, January-February 2011.
- M. Butler, “Android: Changing the mobile landscape,” IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 4-7, January-March 2011.
- A. G. Villan, and J. J. Esteve, “Remote control of mobile devices in android platform,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. Available: http://openaccess.uoc.edu/webapps/o2/bitstream/10609/8131/1/Angonzalez_TFM_0611.pdf
- C. Navasare, D. Nagdev, and J. Shree, “PocketDroid - A PC remote control,” 2012 International Conference on Information and Network Technology (ICINT 2012), vol. 37, IACSIT Press, Singapore, 2012.
- K. S. V. Omprakash, “Concept of remote controlling PC with smartphone inputs from remote place with internet,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, 2012.
- A. Jadhav, V. Oswal, S. Madane, H. Zope, and V. Hatmode, “VNC architecture based remote desktop access through android mobile phones,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 98-103, April 2012.
- N. M. Bornstein, “.NET & XML,” O’Reilly Media, November 2003.
- W.-M. Lee, Beginning Android 4 Application Development, Wrox Publication, March 2012.
- B. A. Forouzan, Tcp/Ip Protocol Suite, McGraw-Hill, 2003.